Python精粹（英文版）

1 Python 基礎(chǔ) .................................................................................. 15
1.1 運(yùn)行 Python .............................................................................................................. 15
1.2 Python 程序 .............................................................................................................. 16
1.3 基本類型、變量與表達(dá)式 ...................................................................................... 17
1.4 算術(shù)運(yùn)算符 .............................................................................................................. 19
1.5 條件與控制流 .......................................................................................................... 21
1.6 文本串 ...................................................................................................................... 23
1.7 文件輸入與輸出 ...................................................................................................... 26
1.8 列表 .......................................................................................................................... 27
1.9 元組 .......................................................................................................................... 29
1.10 Set ........................................................................................................................... 31
1.11 字典 ........................................................................................................................ 32
1.12 迭代與循環(huán) ............................................................................................................ 35
1.13 函數(shù) ........................................................................................................................ 36
1.14 異常 ........................................................................................................................ 38
1.15 程序終止 ................................................................................................................ 40
1.16 對(duì)象和類 ................................................................................................................ 40
1.17 模塊 ........................................................................................................................ 44
1.18 腳本編寫 ................................................................................................................ 46
1.19 包 ............................................................................................................................ 47
1.20 構(gòu)建應(yīng)用程序 ........................................................................................................ 48
1.21 第三方包管理 ........................................................................................................ 49
1.22 Python 讓人感到舒適 ............................................................................................ 50
2 運(yùn)算符、表達(dá)式和數(shù)據(jù)操作 ................................................................. 51
2.1 字面量 ...................................................................................................................... 51
2.2 表達(dá)式與地址 .......................................................................................................... 52
2.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)算符 .............................................................................................................. 53
2.4 就地賦值 .................................................................................................................. 55
2.5 對(duì)象比較 .................................................................................................................. 56
2.6 有序比較運(yùn)算符 ...................................................................................................... 56
2.7 布爾表達(dá)式及真值 .................................................................................................. 57
2.8 條件表達(dá)式 .............................................................................................................. 58
2.9 迭代操作 .................................................................................................................. 59
2.10 序列操作 ................................................................................................................ 61
2.11 可變序列操作 ........................................................................................................ 63
2.12 Set 操作 .................................................................................................................. 64
2.13 映射操作 ................................................................................................................ 65
2.14 列表、Set 與字典解析式 ...................................................................................... 66
2.15 生成器表達(dá)式 ........................................................................................................ 68
2.16 特性（.）運(yùn)算符 ................................................................................................... 70
2.17 函數(shù)調(diào)用()運(yùn)算符 ................................................................................................. 70
2.18 求值順序 ................................................................................................................ 70
2.19 最后的話：數(shù)據(jù)的秘密 ........................................................................................ 72
3 程序結(jié)構(gòu)與控制流 ............................................................................ 73
3.1 程序結(jié)構(gòu)與執(zhí)行 ...................................................................................................... 73
3.2 條件執(zhí)行 .................................................................................................................. 73
3.3 循環(huán)與迭代 .............................................................................................................. 74
3.4 異常 .......................................................................................................................... 78
3.4.1 異常層次 ..................................................................................................... 81
3.4.2 異常與控制流 ............................................................................................. 82
3.4.3 定義新異常 ................................................................................................. 83
3.4.4 鏈?zhǔn)疆惓?..................................................................................................... 84
3.4.5 異常回溯 ..................................................................................................... 87
3.4.6 異常處理建議 ............................................................................................. 87
3.5 上下文管理器和 with 語(yǔ)句 ..................................................................................... 89
3.6 斷言和__debug__ .................................................................................................... 91
3.7 最后的話 .................................................................................................................. 92
4 對(duì)象、類型和協(xié)議 ............................................................................ 93
4.1 核心概念 .................................................................................................................. 93
4.2 對(duì)象標(biāo)識(shí)與類型 ...................................................................................................... 94
4.3 引用計(jì)數(shù)與垃圾回收 .............................................................................................. 95
4.4 引用與復(fù)制 ........................................................................................